## Chronic cough A chronic cough lasts more than 8 weeks in adults and more than 4 weeks in children. The complexity of treatment is determined by the many possible reasons for the development of the cough and, as a result, a wide range of complications. ## Primary reasons The cause of chronic cough can be the pathology of both the respiratory system (problems in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, or lungs) and organs that are completely unrelated. According to statistics, in nine out of ten non-smokers, chronic cough means one of three diseases:=== - Diseases of the upper respiratory tract - Bronchial asthma - Gastroesophageal reflux disease Other causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, tuberculosis, lung cancer, or foreign bodies in the airways. ## Upper respiratory tract cough syndrome This occurs, for example, with sinusitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, and when mucus from the paranasal sinuses flows down the wall of the pharynx, irritating its receptors and causing cough. ## Bronchial asthma With the development of the disease prolonged bouts of coughing or a cough in combination with shortness of breath and wheezing may appear. ## Gastroesophageal reflux disease In this case, cough often occurs as a result of stomach contents entering the esophagus and above up to the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. It is usually accompanied by heartburn, hoarseness, and a feeling of a lump in the throat. ## Not an illness Recent studies have shown that chronic cough is not always a sign of a disease, but maybe a consequence of the so-called cough hypersensitivity syndrome. In this case, the cough occurs as a result of increased sensitivity of the receptors of the mucous membrane of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Tobacco smoke, pungent odors, prolonged speech, or dry food can all cause it. ## Who is at risk? Smokers, including those exposed to second-hand smoke, are at high risk of chronic cough. Additionally, workers of some hazardous industries and people taking ACE inhibitors (the type of drugs for lowering blood pressure such as lisinopril, enalapril, etc.) are at risk. ## When a doctor is needed Do not try to treat a cough with either traditional medicine or alternative medicine that lasts more than 15 days on your own. Chronic cough is a serious reason to see a doctor. The following symptoms should prompt you to consult a doctor immediately: - Temperature above 100–102 ºF - The appearance of blood in sputum - Chest pain - Hard breathing