## A virus that infects billions Small fluid-filled blisters on the lips, around the mouth, and sometimes on the wings of the nose cause itchiness and then burst, forming a crust. These are commonly called "colds". Colds are nothing more than [herpes](https://ul.orna.me/KOge/librarydisease?id=217) simplex virus type 1 ([HSV-1](https://ul.orna.me/KOge/librarybiomarker?id=1461)). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) approximately 3.7 billion people in the world, that is, about 67 % of the population, have HSV-1. This high rate is because the virus is highly contagious and easily transmitted through any skin or saliva contact – for example, through kissing, oral sex, and sharing cutlery or towels. > Once infected with HSV-1, you become a carrier for life. ## No symptoms, no herpes? In some people, herpes type 1 causes no symptoms at all. This is because the virus can remain in a latent state until something triggers its activation. The factors that can "wake up" herpes include: - Stress - Fatigue - Decreased immunity - Infection or fever - Hormonal changes - Sun exposure - Surgery or trauma > Most people are exposed to HSV-1 before age 50. That said, after age 35, the virus becomes less active and manifests less frequently. ## How can you prevent the virus from spreading? If you have a cold sore on your lips, try to follow these tips to protect those around you: - Avoid close physical contact with others until the sores are fully healed. This is especially true for infants and people with weakened immune systems, who are more vulnerable to infection. - Only touch the blisters when you are dabbing them with medicine. - Don't share items that may have come into contact with your mouth, such as cutlery or cosmetics. ## When is it safe to kiss? HSV-1 is highly contagious, which means that the person is at risk of spreading the virus to others until ===the blisters around the mouth have completely disappeared. This usually takes about two weeks. The common belief that a cold sore on the lips stops being contagious once it crusts over is a misconception. Additionally, the virus can be transmitted even when there are no visible symptoms at all. However, the probability of infection in this case is much lower than in the presence of obvious signs. ## Knowledge is power The easiest way to find out if you are a carrier of herpes is to get a blood or saliva test. You can suspect that you have been infected or that the virus is about to make itself known by tingling, soreness, and swelling in the lip area. If you've never had a cold sore on your lips before, you may also notice: - Fever - Painful sores in the mouth on the tongue or gums - Discomfort when swallowing - Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck - Headache - General malaise ## What can you do? As we mentioned earlier, it is impossible to completely cure the HSV-1 virus. However, you can get rid of the symptoms quickly with the help of antiviral drugs. These are typically available in the form of tablets or creams. If the infection is severe, an injection of an antiviral agent may be required.