## Where is it coming from? Ear infections can be caused by any type of pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Most often these are staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral ear infections can even be a consequence of complications of SARS and flu. In some cases, the cause of the problem is fungal diseases. [Шnfection](https://ul.orna.me/KOge/librarydisease?id=32) in any part of the ear causes inflammation and is called otitis media. Otitis media most often occurs in children. This is due to the anatomic features of the structure of the ear canals and auditory tubes, which make it easier for the infection to "move" from the nasopharynx to the middle ear. However, adults are not immune to it. ## Is it inside or outside? As a rule, the nasal area is responsible for middle ear otitis media. If you have had a runny nose for a long time, if you swallow incorrectly, or if you rinse your nose cavity incorrectly, bacteria can enter the auditory tube and ear and can cause inflammation. Otitis media can also be a complication ===of bronchitis and other upper respiratory tract pathology. External otitis develops with improper hygiene of the ears. Avoid using cotton swabs to clean them — as they traumatize the skin, leaving microcracks in the ear canal through which bacterial or fungal infection enters the ears. Otitis externa can also be picked up by bathing in unclean water. ## How can you avoid it? - Do not let upper respiratory tract infections go untreated — treat runny nose and sore throat - Properly clean the nose: gently flush out one nostril while closing the other - Make sure no liquid gets into the auditory tube when you flush your nose - Keep ear canals clean: wipe the ears with a towel or tissue after showering no more than once a week — this should be done carefully while avoiding damaging the skin - Do not put cotton swabs, pencils, or other foreign objects in the ear - Take care of healthy teeth to prevent the development of cavities ## What are the risks? Yes, in most cases, ear infections go away without consequences. But with neglected otitis media, there may be a violation of the mobility of the auditory ossicles and sealing of the eardrum. Complications of viral infections "attack" the structures of the inner ear, which are responsible for hearing and the vestibular analyzer. Delayed therapy here can lead to deafness, dizziness, and impaired movement coordination. Purulent otitis media in some cases can cause a brain abscess, meningitis, and damage to the inner ear. Therefore, if you experience discomfort in the ears, you should promptly consult a doctor to "catch" the problem in its early stages. Based on the results of examination and tests (bacterial examination or PCR test), an ENT will determine the degree of damage and identify the "infectious agent." Based on this data, the doctor will choose a treatment regimen.