Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic skin disease that most often begins in early childhood in people with a hereditary predisposition to allergies. The disease proceeds in waves, with periods of exacerbations and improvements, and is usually accompanied by severe itching. At the same time, the skin becomes especially sensitive to both allergens and ordinary external stimuli. The development and severity of atopic dermatitis depend on a combination of hereditary factors and environmental influences. Healthy skin performs not only a protective function, but also helps to retain moisture, maintaining a normal water balance. With atopic dermatitis, this barrier function is disrupted, which makes the skin dry, vulnerable, and easily irritated. One of the reasons for this disorder is changes in the FLG gene, which is responsible for the production of the filaggrin protein. This protein is necessary for the formation of a full-fledged skin barrier, and if it is deficient, the skin protects the body from external influences worse.

The following markers are used in genetic research:

· R501X

· 2282del4

· R2447X

· S3247X