## Decrease in the number and quality of spermatozoa The most common cause of deterioration in sperm quality is varicocele, which are varicose veins surrounding the spermatic cord. As a result of impaired blood flow in the scrotum, the temperature rises, which negatively affects sperm production. Additionally, the quality and quantity of sperm can be affected by infections, frequent trips to the bath or sauna, hot showers or baths, and wearing tight underwear. > A normal sperm count is more than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or more than 39 million sperm per ejaculate. ## Difficulties with sperm movement The passage of sperm can be impeded by scarring caused by sexually transmitted diseases and testicular inflammation. ## Hormonal imbalance Infertility can be caused by abnormalities in the testicles themselves, as well as ===abnormalities affecting the entire hormonal system. This results in a drop in testosterone levels and other problems. ## Problems with ejaculation Retrograde ejaculation occurs when seminal fluid goes into the bladder during orgasm. It can be caused by a variety of conditions including [diabetes](https://ul.orna.me/KOge/librarydisease?id=43), spinal cord injury, medication, and surgery of the bladder, [prostate](https://ul.orna.me/KOge/librarydisease?id=134), or urethra. ## Blockage of the tubules The tubules that transport sperm can be blocked for a variety of reasons, including unintentional damage during surgery, infection, trauma, or developmental abnormalities. Blockage can occur at any level. ## Taking anabolics This is especially relevant for bodybuilders, as the use of anabolic drugs containing testosterone can lead to a reduction in testicular size. By getting extra testosterone artificially, the body stops producing its own, resulting in a decrease in the quantity and quality of sperm. > If a man has been having regular sexual intercourse for a year without protection, and conception does not occur, he should take a semen quality test and consult a urologist.